colored Photographs of a group of Moroccan soldiers from Regular waiting to be transported to the mainland. In the background another group of native soldiers up to one of the Junker 52 provided by Hitler to the insurgents. (Click on any image to enlarge). THE NARROW PASSAGE OF THE SUMMER OF 1936
For once, without a precedent, we will keep our word and we promised to publish the story about the airborne operation that took place on the Strait of Gibraltar in August 1936 and had a decisive role in final outcome of the contest in favor of the rebels.
But before that let me talk a little about bullfighters and bullfighting. As you all know as great fans and, in the race of each mating bulls have well defined characteristics in terms of size, morphology, fur, rigging and of course in behavior during the fight. All these features makes some bullfighters some mating preference and livestock against others. For their part, many times fans would rather see those dealing bullfighters other spigots, especially when what we call pie shapes. As a general rule currently enshrined skilled prefer certain breed of fresh onslaught and nobility (not give names to not be angry with anyone), do not seek the ankle and continue the deception with extreme docility (forces while they last) In short a bull that could go right friends to take some wine after the run in intimate fellowship, if not for the annoying process of rendering plant. These bullfighters are not content with having to deal with herds of these spigots, but will require, so as not enough just to hire the dibs, we must also accept the imposition of the cattle, and in many cases the other righties who make up the cartel. In general the herds are not liked by many of the fans, who prefer other bulls over spigots with rennet, with strength and courage, to keep the uncertainty during the fight and call for the bullfighter to show their mastery of art and bullfighting technique to get to deal with these bulls. You will understand that these spigots "problem" that both like many fans, not usually the favorite of most fighters, but many of them, if want to fight, they have no choice but to have to accept deal these strains, measured by asking some of them with these "critters" that figures refuse to show their worth and value. Eventually, by dint of repetition, some of these fighters, ends up becoming a specialist in the fighting of these strains and did not want to see other bulls, while real treats. That is, if each mating or breeding has its own well-defined characteristics, just as there are bullfighters that better fit the characteristics of certain herds can draw from them the most.
One of the Savoia 81 Marchetti provided by the Mussolini regime, escorted by a fighter group during a bombing operation. These aircraft together with the German JU52 have a decisive role in the success of the operation. in the noble art of studying the Civil War something similar happens, many teachers and skilled in the art, and each of them prefer or feel more comfortable dealing a "mating" concrete within the wide range of issues that this exciting historical period can encompass. And on the subject of air warfare have an undisputed master of masters, one out of series, a phenomenon of guerracivilmaquia. We are referring to Don Juan Manuel Risk Pérez-owner, a skilled with a background indisputable: military historian, teacher, lecturer ... among other activities. A teacher, while stressing that the struggle of bulls associated with aviation, it is not averse to any place or livestock, showing all his great mastery and power. A brave torero, who shuns any fights, which occasionally has been seen also bullfighting bulls and bulls also co-sign, making good the saying "leave me alone." One feels so right that the party that even when a spectator in the stands at times can not be contained and either runs the bulls from their village, or jump to albero how valise and making the tackle, the deals sealed the same. A whirlwind, a hurricane unstoppable this risk, a tireless fighter in defense of orthodoxy and purity of the guerracivilmaquia and other historical LIDES, as has been demonstrated for so long with his tenacious fight to restore their dignity and grandeur to the Museo del Aire de Cuatro Vientos.
A Junker 52 that we see today if we visit the Museo del Aire at Cuatro Vientos, along with a good number of units that took part in the race, among many other objects and documents that are saved in this museum. Well dear readers, this phenomenon caught on as usual, a victory in the last Congress of the English Civil War in 2006, with his paper titled: "Step Air Army Strait Africa decisive event in the civil war," one of the best and most complete tasks that could be seen in that great event and you can read clicking here. . I as a small pen and admirer of this great teacher I've taken the liberty to summarize below (in bold in original text), for convenience, as discussed in this paper unparalleled.
As discussed above, the participation of Germany's aviation Hitler and Mussolini's Italy was decisive for the airborne operation Paso del Estrecho. This collaboration was not far from spontaneous, but it came brewing for years before the start of the conflict, contrary to what some authors maintain, in the line that the coup was due to the situation created after the victory of the Front Popular on February 36. So "In 1933 the leader of the CEDA José Maria Gil Robles attended the Nazi party congress Nüremberg4. Also in October 1933, José Antonio Primo de Rivera he met with Mussolini and early 1934 he traveled to Germany where he met with Hitler. In 1933 Calvo Sotelo traveled to Rome. In March 1934 the Carlist leaders Goicoechea, Olazabal Lizarza and accompanied by General Barrera also went to Rome to discuss the training of four requetés Carlist and acquire weapons. In February 1936, General Sanjurjo had been in prison for his anti-republican coup of 1,932 moved to Berlin to inquire about possible arms supplies interviewing with Admiral Canaris head of German intelligence service. " Neither is true version which holds that Franco was decided to participate in the uprising after the assassination of Calvo Sotelo : "The decision to hire a plane was taken by Luca de Tena, and Juan March to 2 July. That is, it was clear that had the participation of General Franco long before it had occurred the murder of Calvo Sotelo. Never have been possible without the intervention of Juan de la Cierva "continuous Juan Manuel Hazard: " At the suggestion of some British friends, embarked on two striking blonde to show that the trip was recreational hunting in Africa . The plane took off en route to the Canary Islands with stops in France, Lisbon, where he met with Bolin General Sanjurjo, and Morocco. The password would be "greeted Galicia France." July 12 when they were killed Castillo Calvo Sotelo "Dragon Rapide" was already in Casablanca and 18 General Franco picked up in Las Palmas, where he had moved from Tenerife due to "having to attend a funeral." Franco came two days later in the same unit at the aerodrome of Sania Ramel Tetouan, who had been taken by his intimate friend, "the blond" Saenz de Buruaga commander. That same day started Bolin himself to Rome to seek weapons and aircraft.
The Dragon Rapide for transporting to Franco from the Canaries to Africa, which also exhibited in a hangar at the Museo del Aire de Cuatro Vientos. Much of the officers of the English military aircraft remained loyal to the Republic, with tragic consequences in many cases, as with Virgil Leret, a leading English aviator and engineer who had developed a new prototype jet engine, the first history, and that at the time of the coup was vacationing with his family in Melilla. After opposing the coup would be shot within a few hours (his wife Carlota O'Neill, a woman from a fascinating biography, also suffer repression). The same fate would Ricardo de la Puente Bahamonde, first cousin of Franco (for many were almost like brothers) and Air Force Chief Morocco, who was at the aerodrome of Tetouan and refused to surrender to the rebels, which would eventually cost him his life hours later, although his cousin refused to sign the decision and delegated this procedure in the General Orgaz Yoldi. The same fate awaited Miguel Núñez de Prado, Director General of Aeronautics at the time of the coup. Once this had occurred, went to Zaragoza to meet his close friend General Cabanellas had not yet manifested as favorable to the coup. Once they have landed his old friend would order to stop him and end up being shot. Yet most of the Air Force officers remained loyal to the Republic yet knew not play your tricks, " of a total of 225 warplanes over 160 were held by the Republic. But the General Zaragoza executed Núñez de Prado Director General of Aeronautics, by order of his old friend General Cabanellas, Republic was unable to use its air power and efforts to battle high in the Sierra de Madrid. MODERN six fighters MALAGA AIRPORT HAS THE SLOW easily knocked AIR TRANSPORT STRAIT OF STEP AND THE REPUBLIC HAS WON THE WAR. (Capitalization is the original text of Juan Manuel Risk).
The pilot and engineer Virgilio Leret, who opposed the rebels in Melilla and it would be shot. His widow, journalist Carlotta O'Neill also be jailed for several years. Virgilio Leret developed a prototype jet engine for aircraft, whose development is unfortunately forgotten after the death of his creator. However, before the occurrence of massive troop transport August, there was another airlift of troops no less important. through "English aircraft of the squadron of Cape Juby, a" DC-2 ", a" JU-52 ", several aircraft under Sevilla, Tetuan, Larache, and Nador more transported by seaplane reached a total of 2065 men. With these troops are secured Seville and Cadiz and Huelva could be taken on 29 July, further ensuring a flight from Granada to direct reinforcement for this population. "In this operation played an important role as the pilot and engineer strategist Francisco Arranz Monastery. Nor can we forget it in the July 18 steam Algeciras City, owned by John March, come to Cadiz at the request of General López Pinto a tabor of regular flag of the third and a regular squad without horses. Itself without the intervention of the planes that had been held by the rebels, "had not been able to make the sea passage Strait, called the "convoy of victory" on 5 August 1936 with some understatement. This step of the convoy of three ships owned by Juan March: The "City of Ceuta", "Ciudad de Algeciras" and "Arango" with the sole protection of the gunboat "M", but a tugboat and a torpedo boat, carrying 3,000 men allowed more ammunition, guns and even some mules and horses. . "
Returning to the situation in Africa, on 19 July in the afternoon there was a crucial meeting at the aerodrome of Sania Ramel Tetouan, in the presence of General Franco. It Arranz Capt. Monasterio already quoted above explained: "that aviation had progressed so that the problem was not that the ships of war, and just happened the episode of" Churruca "were held by the government. EL PASO STRAIT could be done by AIR. He also said that it was quite a friend of the Luftwaffe's number two ,..... Ernest Udet Also known by the same competitions and sports flying gliders General Milch German Secretary of State for Aeronautics, the Luftwaffe chief Herman Goering and Hitler female pilot Hanna Reisch (who would try a V-1 introduced in interior). Arranz impressed Franco, who was appointed by the Chief of Aviation in Morocco, Buruaga suggested Arranz moved to Berlin in the company of the two heads of the Nazi party in Morocco, Germany and Johannes Adolf Lagenheim Bernhartd. Beigbeder, a former military attache in Germany would draft a letter to the General Kullenthal, military attache in Paris. And take a personal Arranz, General Franco as head of the English military forces in Africa, with a sketch of the situation to Chancellor Hitler, asking for 20 military transport aircraft "Ju-52", 6 fighters "Heinkel-51" and material Flak and transmissions. ..... The role would be critical as well Arranz and presumably spoke perfect German. ".
" contact in Berlin Bohle responsible for foreign affairs of the Nazi Party, whose Secretary was a brother of Rudolf Hess, Hitler was allowed to meet with German envoys in Bayreuth, a meeting was not allowed to attend to Arranz although Goering failed to see if he met with Udet and Milch. They arrived at the military airport Gatow and Hess, I received Stuttgar transportation under its own plane to the interview with the Führer. Hitler in the euphoria Germanophile Wagner Festival and supporting the rebels English Hess, gave aid to the English with a more generous credit than the Italians granted to Bolin and Goicoechea. As is known Italian aid was more generous in men but not as qualified as defined in the German material. "
General Milch and Udet chat over lunch in Potsdam accompanied by an aeronautical engineer Ernst Hinkel (with glasses). We managed to find out the identity of characters in the foreground facing the camera. German aircraft begin to arrive in Tetouan from July 29, kicking off a hectic schedule which lasted just over a month: "The Bridge Air "was terminated in the transport of men ending in September to convert transport aircraft, though slow, bombing, after having carried 23,395 men, more than 400 tons of material and services have made hundreds of bombing and maritime observation on the Republican fleet. "
Perhaps the confusion in the Republican ranks in the first weeks after the uprising or due to the lack of an adequate analysis of the situation, according to the work of Professor JM Risk: "THE REPUBLIC OF ITS PRIVATE AVIATION TOP CHIEFS, OR EXECUTED PRISONERS: Nunez de Prado, VIRGILIO Leret, BURGUETE LUIS AND HIS BEST TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC COLONEL EMILIO HERRERA IN A POST SECONDARY DID NOT UNDERSTAND THAT THE ARMY WAS THE TRUE ENEMY OF AFRICA BUSINESS. " (in capital letters in original text). Juan Manuel Risk and concludes his work with the following paragraph: "With the joy of victories in Madrid and Barcelona, \u200b\u200bthe republican authorities, civil and military, in such a tremendous moment of confusion did not realize that the enemy was in Africa where in the first 40 days of conflict were recruited over 15,000 Indian soldiers, which of course would be transported to the mainland by air. "
Two fighters Hinkel 51 identical to those involved in the passage of the Strait. These planes were part of the generous assistance provided by Hitler's Germany to the English military coup. So far the summary of what has been regarded as the first airlift in history was played Strait waters in the province of Cadiz. Summary based on the unique and legendary task by the undisputed master guerracilvilmaquia Risk is Juan Manuel Pérez-Owner, Chronic hope has proved to the liking of our esteemed readers. Florentino
Sanders.
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