Portrait of Miguel Hernandez held in jail for his friend, the writer Antonio Buero Vallejo also imprisoned after the war. (Click on any image to enlarge). MIGUEL HERNANDEZ Y EL TORO
As the bull I was born for
mourning and pain, like the bull I am marked by an iron
infernal side
and men in the groin as a result
On 30 October the hundredth anniversary of the birth of Miguel Hernández. For this reason they have been very numerous this year acts and events held to honor and remember the poet Orihuela, exhibitions, congresses, conferences, new editions of books, records and tours, and many others that give us an idea of \u200b\u200bthe dimension of life and work of Miguel Hernandez has reached one hundred years after birth. Centennial which have turned a number of government regardless of the ideology of each, from the Government of Spain to the Generalitat Valenciana, as different politically. Although perhaps most striking is the fact that the Commission's Centennial Chair Miguel Hernández dependent government and whose main mission is to coordinate and promote the various activities between administrations and between different public and private entities, this presided over by Their Majesties the King and Queen of Spain. You see you dear readers, if the other day we pointed out the paradox that the Royal Box of the Plaza de Las Ventas was opened by the President, today we see as the Kings preside over a commission to honor a convinced republican and was Miguel Hernández. How could it be otherwise in this country of sun, barrier and burst, the controversy was served, and there have been accusations of opportunism or hypocrisy between entities and individuals. To which we add the juicy subsidies and grants they do forget a lot of their ideals, or perhaps more accurately, causing some to show their true ideals when the opportunity arises and chop. But from this page removed from any controversy, we think that the title of an old movie to er mundo e Bueno "and let us focus on what is the bull-guerracivilera chronic.
The poet in his hometown in honor of Ramon Sijé. We do not want these pages to a review of the literary career of Miguel Hernández, neither want nor can that we're going to cheat, but if we would highlight the presence of the bull in his work. As you know Miguel Hernandez was a shepherd in his youth and it seems that both his grandfather and father were horse traders, many of which were used in the fate of rods of bullfighting in the region, so that the relationship the poet with the field, cattle and bullfighting would be present in your life from an early age, and perhaps influenced by the presence of the bull it is present from his earliest works. In turn, the bull is the ultimate totem animal, the bull's fertility, strength, life and death, struggle and indomitable spirit, and some identify the bull with Spain, without a doubt, the bull is a poetic device that could not miss work as a poet Miguel Hernández.
In the picture above to see Miguel Henández with his three brothers and underneath a photo of your house in the town of Orihuela Alicante. From his early work the bull is present in his poetry, and in 1933 moved to the People's University of Cartagena to give his lecture on his "Elegy half of Toro" which would have to use a poster painted by Francisco de Die, that the poet would end up lost in the train. Also around that time write a poem titled "Run Real" divided into seven parts: Cartel, Plaza, Toro, Toro and Horses, and Banderillero Toro, Toro and pawn and finally Toro Torero.
Miguel Hernandez photographed in Cartagena. poet In 1934 he moved to Madrid, and again the bullfighting world is going to cross in his life, and thanks to the mediation of some of his friends, especially Ray Murciano holder kings, began to collaborate in the drafting of a great encyclopedia taurine: "Los Toros. Technical and Historical Treaty, better known as "El Coss". A daunting task that starts with an idea of \u200b\u200bJoseph Ortega y Gasset and will develop José María de Cossio, a writer and bibliophile, whose extensive work may have been overshadowed by the monumental encyclopedia. Jose Maria de Cossio addition actively involved in the genesis of what would be the Class of 27, without forgetting that Jose Maria de Cossio would be academic language, President of Ateneo de Madrid, and also Chairman of Racing Santander.
This job will allow Michael to survive without capital shortage at the summit, thanks to the "forty dollars" receiving monthly as salary and allow him to continue writing. His main task will be to gather information forcing you to spend long hours at the National Library, as well as to organize tabs and also to write a biography of fighters, according to words of Miguel Hernández of all bullfighters have or might have, "including Espartero Antonio Reverte, lizards and Tragabuches whose biographies would be written by the great poet. Highlight Tragabuches biography, a curious character. Ulloa named Joseph born in Ronda in the second half of SXVII, in the heart of a gypsy family. Study at the school that Pedro Romero was in the mountain town, and had great fame. Marry a popular dancer also known as The Baby of which he was deeply in love. One night party to bullfight bullfighter in Malaga, with the misfortune of suffering a fall from his horse to leave the town and have to return to Ronda with a damaged arm, surprising his wife with a young lover. After stabbing the young man threw his wife off the balcony, then fleeing to the mountains. It would be hanged, but not before having to be dragged and then barreling after his death sentence which was not fulfilled because they can not be located. After the war of Independence in 1815 many were formed bandit gangs, most notably all those who would be known as the Seven Children of Ecija, which was part of a known as the Gypsy, the most brutal and murderous of them all, which proved to be another Tragabuches. Many of the components of the gang were captured and executed, but not suffer the same fate Tragabuches, which still do not know how his life ended.
The poet in the cemetery of Orihuela in 1936. Returning to Miguel Hernandez, also highlight the figure of Ignacio Sánchez Mejías, a bullfighter illustrated as Cossio would be present at the birth of the Generation of 27. This writer and bullfighter, brother of the great Joselito, die after being caught by a bull in the Plaza de Manzanares, his death would cause a commotion. Lorca would devote a tremendous elegy "Lament for Ignacio Sánchez Mejías", and in turn inspire Miguel Hernandez in his life and death to create his play "The most courageous bullfighter." Anecdotally, for all those talk about football and bulls as the new opium of the people and quarry of illiteracy, noting that if Jose Maria de Cossio was president of Racing, it would Sánchez Mejías Betis, without a doubt "two uneducated."
But dear readers if you really want to know in more detail as the bull is present in the work of Miguel Hernandez did not just read the record of this modest pen, much apprentice and master of none, and visit the various pages on this issue and the poet can find online. If you allow me some advice I would recommend only two among many others so they can get an idea of \u200b\u200bthe magnitude of the presence of taurine in the work of Miguel Hernandez:
THE symbol of the bull in his poetry of Miguel Hernandez. For Mariate Cobain.
http://www.miguelhernandezvirtual.es/new/files/Actas_II_Presentacion/17mariat.pdf
EL TORO EN LA OBRA DE MIGUEL HERNÁNDEZ. Ramón Fernández Palm.
http://www.revistaperito.com/Eltoroenlaobrademiguel.htm
Alicante As we see the poet becomes established in Madrid, with a direct relationship with the world of bullfighting. Hernandez while also beginning to establish contact with politics, moving to Communist ideals, no doubt influenced by Alberti and Neruda, among others. The poet develops an intense activity, both literary and social and political, in 1936 published "The ray that does not stop." But in the summer of that year, everything would change radically with the uprising of July. From the first time Michael was heavily involved in defending the Republic developed a frenetic pace, entering on 23 September at the Fifth Regiment, formed volunteers from communist ideology to occur July 18 coup.
An image of Miguel Henández pictured with other militants in the courtyard of the Salesians of Francos Rodríguez, home of the 5th Regiment.
Miguel Hernández, unlike other poets and intellectuals, not to stay behind and we can find on the front line, which would build a great friendship with the Cuban writer Pablo de la Torriente, who would perish in battle Majadahonda on 19 December. The Cubans would be buried in Barcelona wearing a sheepskin jerkin the poet Alicante had given him to attend funeral Miguel Hernández would read his "Elegy second" composed in memory of his friend
"I will stay in Spain mate" I said with a gesture
love. And finally
without your warrior thundering
building on the grass in Spain you have been.
home the attack in which news is collected by the Cuban Pablo de la Torriente, a friend of Miguel Hernández in Majadahonda pass away during the fighting in December 1936.
Miguel develops an intense activity as cultural curator always on the front line and within the Alliance of Antifascist Writers who was based in a mansion near the Puerta de Alcala, former residence of a noble, a building equipped with all amenities including a well-stocked cellar, which also became the residence of Rafael Teresa Alberti and León. According to the testimony of Benjamin Prado who told him in person Alberti himself one night Miguel Hernandez arrived at the palace that came from the hard and bloody fighting that developed in the outskirts of Madrid, finding that all present were disguised Marquis's clothes holding a large and lively party. Shocked and outraged the poet cry: "Here so there is much gentleman and great whore ", receiving a resounding slap response that led to the María Teresa León own. You see friends as you write the story.
The poet reading his poems to the soldiers at the front of Extremadura. Hernandez published during the war "Viento del Pueblo", symbol of the poet, a collection of poems about war and the struggle of the people. Also civil marriage contract by Josefina Manresa during the war, and shortly before the end of the war would end "Man stalks, a book that is miraculously saved, and which was prepared in Valencia to be distributed just after the war, ordering the new authorities it was destroyed, but miraculously kept two copies of them saved by Jose Maria de Cossio. In addition to these two titles would write a number of newspaper articles and several plays, travel to Moscow and participate in the International Congress of Intellectuals in Defense of Culture. But we can say that his work is written in the same trenches, as the poet is present in front of Madrid, Extremadura and Andalusia, among others.
Miguel Hernandez and his wife Josephine in front of Jaen in the spring of 1937. After the war rejects exile at the Embassy of Chile, as recommended Neruda (although I remember reading some qualification to this information) and also decides to go outside Spain. Returns to his village and from there try to go to Portugal, where the Portuguese police handed him over to English authorities (apparently a gold watch, wedding gift from Vicente Alexandre, was it that raised the suspicions of the border agent Luso) and the poet goes through various prisons until he is released. Back to Orihuela, where he again was arrested and tried in 1940 after being sentenced to death, but the intervention of friends, again including Jose Maria de Cossio, get to commute the sentence to life imprisonment. From that point begins a pilgrimage to various prisons, where they compose "Song and Ballads of Absence." He died the poet poet March 28, 1942 in Alicante prison because of tuberculosis. From the testimonies of different people, Miguel Hernández pass away with their eyes wide open and would not be possible to close.
Alicante Another portrait of the poet by another fellow prisoner.
Serve this modest chronicle, which appears again the world of bullfighting basting with the history of Spain, as a reminder and tribute to the poet in his centenary. Miguel Hernandez is probably the most prominent symbol of the tragedy and the unreasonableness of the English Civil War, in which there were many other anonymous Miguel Hernández. If we start this story with a poem in which the poet is identified with the bull, ended up with one in which the poet identifies with a bull Spain again, and enjoying the benefits that technology offers us, we offer a document of great value history, a video can you hear the poet himself reciting his poetry to find the end of this chronicle. Florentino
ARENA.
BULL CALL TO SPAIN
Alza, bull in Spain: get up, wake up. Wake
all, black bull foam
you breathe exudes light and shadow, and concentrate
seas under your skin closed. Wake
.
Wake of all, I see you asleep,
a piece of the chest and another in the head
that you have not yet awakened as a bull
awake when you rush through wolfish betrayals.
Arise. Snorts
your power, get out your skeleton, flying
your forehead with the categorical axes, with both
tools scare the stars, the sky threatening
horned tragedy.
Esgrímete. Toro
more bull in spring than other times,
in Spain more bull, bull, than elsewhere.
Colder than ever, more volcanic bull
that you shine that light up the fire Stand up.
Desencadénate. Raises the swift
heart you
guides for places of Spain, on his astral sand. A live
desollarte wolves and eagles come
have always envied your lovely town.
Stand up.
not going to castrate you, you will not let you get to a phone
abundant male attributes that hand
feline intended arrancártelos
rennet, with impunity: pataléalos bull.
Vibrate.
They will not absorb the blood of wealth,
took your eyes no minerals.
skin glow where the star takes
bull not start pouring mercury.
Revuélvete.
is as if to tear the skin to the sun, the stream
the foam with nails and beak.
You will not be neutered, male power so fertile
that the stone you will not be neutered.
Truénate.
recedes No bull: not a step backwards
if blood is not to dig and fury in the sand,
unite all their forces, and since then pounce
hooves with lightning decision.
Abalánzate.
Great bull in bronze and stone have sucked, and the granite
paciste fierce fierceness:
revuélvete in the soul of everyone who has seen first light
this peninsula outraged.
Revuélvete.
Party in two pieces, this bull centuries
this bull dwells within us:
split into two halves, with a kill
and the other half would die fighting.
Atorbellínate.
From the angry head that strengthens the world
neck as a block for titans running,
spring the victory as a roaring across
that will bleed to sound like marble and sand.
Sálvate.
Awake, bull wielding, trigger, vibrato.
Rise, bull thunders bull abalánzate. Atorbellínate
bull: revuélvete.
Sálvate, dense torus of emotion and Spain.
Sálvate.
THE MOVIES OF SUN AND FLIES:
Miguel Hernández reading his poems in a radio speech. Exceptional overwhelming
audio document where we can listen to Miguel Hernández reciting one of his poems. Do not forget to open it.
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